ITF Resources

Glossary of audit, standards and facility terms

The acronyms and terms that turn up across ITF's seven divisions, from AMC to unannounced audit, each answered in forty words or fewer.

This glossary defines the terms ITF's buyers meet in audits, contracts, licences and insurance claims in Saudi Arabia: management system vocabulary such as CAPA, OPRP and Stage 2, the regulators SFDA, NCA, SDAIA and CBAHI, and facility terms such as AMC, PPM and SLA. Where a standard or regulator owns a term, the definition follows theirs.

Updated · 20 minute read

An A to Z tab strip; letters with an entry on this page are solid and the rest dashed. The O tab is highlighted and leads down to one card from the register: OPRP, spelled out as operational prerequisite programme, defined in ISO 22000:2018, managed by action criteria rather than a critical limit, see also CCP, PRP and HACCP, dealt with by ITF Consult, answered in 37 of a possible 40 words. 55 terms on this page.ONE TERM, ONE ANSWER, A TO ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZOPRPSPELLED OUTOPERATIONAL PREREQUISITE PROGRAMMEDEFINED INISO 22000:2018MANAGED BYACTION CRITERIA, NOT A CRITICAL LIMITSEE ALSOCCP · PRP · HACCPDIVISIONITF CONSULTANSWER37 OF 40 WORDSSOLID TABS HAVE ENTRIES · 55 TERMS ON THIS PAGE
One card per termDefinition first, forty words or fewerSwipe to pan

AMC: annual maintenance contract

An annual maintenance contract is a twelve-month agreement to maintain a defined list of assets on a planned schedule, with reactive cover inside agreed limits. A sound one lists every asset and states every exclusion.

ITF FM writes an AMC against a surveyed asset register, with four annexes: the asset register, the PPM calendar, the exclusions and the priority schedule. Each month's work is proved by the record.

ATP: adenosine triphosphate testing

An ATP test swabs a surface and measures adenosine triphosphate, a molecule found in organic residue, and gives a reading in seconds. It shows whether a clean removed residue. It does not identify organisms.

A low reading checks a clean; it is not a microbiological release, so a food site's QA team decides where ATP applies and where a swab goes to a laboratory. Where the zone plan specifies ATP swabs, Hygienix MEASURE supplies them against it, and the site's own team runs the verification rounds.

CAFM: computer-aided facility management

CAFM is software that holds a building's asset register, raises and tracks work orders, schedules planned maintenance and reports on what was done. It is a tool for running facility management, not a method in itself.

A CAFM system only holds what the site survey put into it. Where a client's CAFM already holds assets and work orders well, ITF FM connects to it and adds an evidence layer on top.

CAPA: corrective and preventive action

CAPA is the process of removing the cause of a nonconformity so it does not recur, which is corrective action, and the cause of a potential one so it does not occur, which is preventive action.

ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 require corrective action in clause 10.2 and handle prevention through risk planning in clause 6, while ISO 13485 keeps preventive action as its own clause. ITF Training runs a half-day NCR and CAPA course, and ITF Consult helps answer certification audit findings.

CBAHI: Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions

CBAHI is the Saudi accreditation body for healthcare facilities, operating under the Saudi Health Council. It sets the national standards facilities are surveyed against, and for hospitals accreditation is tied to renewal of the operating licence.

Other facility types were brought into accreditation programme by programme. ITF Health prepares the non-clinical standards: facility management and safety, document control, quality management records, staff files and information management.

CCP: critical control point

A CCP is a step in a process where a control measure is applied to prevent or reduce a significant food safety hazard, with a measurable critical limit and monitoring that detects loss of control in time to act.

Under HACCP and ISO 22000 each CCP carries its critical limit, monitoring, corrections and records, and it cannot carry a failing prerequisite programme. ITF Consult sets CCPs from the hazard analysis, in the room with production, quality and maintenance.

Certification body

A certification body audits an organisation's management system against a standard and decides whether to issue, maintain or withdraw the certificate. An accredited one is assessed against ISO/IEC 17021-1 by an accreditation body such as SAAC.

Check the accreditation mark on a certificate, then verify the certification body on the accreditation body's own published list. ITF Consult prepares the system and the records, and the certification body you choose runs the audit and makes the decision.

CHI: Council of Health Insurance

CHI, the Council of Health Insurance, regulates private health insurance in Saudi Arabia, including nphies, the national exchange that insurance claims pass through between healthcare providers and insurers.

For a clinic or hospital, every private insurance claim goes through nphies. ITF Health works those claims for providers: eligibility, prior authorisation, coding, submission, rejections and reconciliation.

Colour coding

Colour coding assigns colours to cleaning tools and equipment so each stays in the area or on the surface it belongs to. It is a control measure against microbes, food residues, allergens, chemicals and foreign bodies.

Every scheme answers one of two questions, which area am I in or which surface am I touching, and a food site can mix the two without noticing. ITF Hygienix records the scheme a site already runs and specifies a second control where it needs one.

Document control

Document control means documents are approved and versioned before issue, and records are identified, stored, protected, retrievable and retained. It keeps the current version at the point of work and the obsolete one out of use.

Most document control nonconformities are obsolete documents still in use rather than missing ones. ITF Consult sets up the procedure and master list, ITF Training runs a document control course, and ITF Digital builds document control systems.

Documented information

Documented information is the ISO term for information an organisation has to control and keep, and the medium it sits on. It covers documents, which say what to do, and records, which prove it was done.

The standards ask for it where the system needs it to work and where evidence is required, and ITF Consult sizes a document set to that. A quality manual has not been a requirement since the 2015 edition of ISO 9001.

ECC: Essential Cybersecurity Controls

ECC is the National Cybersecurity Authority's mandatory minimum control set. The current version, ECC-2:2024, has 4 domains, 28 subdomains, 108 main controls and 92 subcontrols. There is no ECC certificate.

It binds government bodies, their affiliates and entities that own, operate or host critical national infrastructure, and it reaches many private suppliers through contract clauses. ITF Cyber prepares ECC readiness: a control-by-control position, the governance documents and a remediation plan with owners.

FSSC 22000

FSSC 22000 is a food safety certification scheme built on ISO 22000, a sector prerequisite programme standard from the ISO 22002 series, and the FSSC additional requirements. Unlike ISO 22000 on its own, it is recognised by GFSI.

Retailers and global food brands write it into supply contracts, and it requires an unannounced audit within each certification cycle. ITF Consult prepares sites for it, and ITF Training runs an FSSC 22000 course.

Gap analysis

A gap analysis audits what already exists against every clause of a standard and returns a marked report: met, partial or absent, with the effort behind each gap. It is the first step in a certification programme.

It is also how a transition to ISO 9001:2026 or ISO 14001:2026 starts, read against the system a site already holds. ITF Consult runs it, and the report stays with the client whatever is decided next.

GFSI: Global Food Safety Initiative

GFSI is the Consumer Goods Forum's benchmarking programme for food safety certification schemes. Schemes that meet its benchmark, such as FSSC 22000, BRCGS, IFS and SQF, are GFSI-recognised. ISO 22000 on its own is not.

Large retailers and manufacturers write GFSI recognition into supply contracts so they can accept one audit instead of running their own. For a Saudi food plant that clause usually decides between ISO 22000 and a GFSI scheme, and ITF Consult reads it against what the site already holds.

Ghad: SFDA's licensing system

Ghad is SFDA's online system for licensing. A food manufacturer applies for its operating licence through it, and a medical device importer or distributor completes a questionnaire in it that sets its establishment category.

Ghad accepts a food licence application only once the prior approvals from other authorities exist, so most delays start upstream of it. ITF Consult maps that chain for food plants, and ITF Health finds a device company's category first when it builds an ISO 13485 system.

HACCP: hazard analysis and critical control point

HACCP is a system that identifies, evaluates and controls hazards significant for food safety. A HACCP plan follows the twelve Codex application steps, with the seven principles as steps 6 to 12.

SFDA's licensing guide lists a HACCP certificate from an accredited certification body among the documents for a food manufacturer operating licence, which makes HACCP a licence condition in Saudi Arabia. ITF Consult builds the plan and the records, and ITF Training runs HACCP courses.

Harmonized Structure

The Harmonized Structure is ISO's common framework for management system standards: the same clause numbers, core text and terms across ISO 9001, 14001, 45001, 22000 and 27001. It was previously called the High Level Structure.

It is why quality, environment and safety systems can share one document control, internal audit, management review and corrective action process. The 2024 climate amendment ran across the standards built on it, and ITF Consult builds integrated systems on it.

Integrated management system

An integrated management system runs several standards through one set of documents and one set of management processes, so document control, internal audit, management review, competence and corrective action are written once and audited once.

With ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 both revised in 2026, a site holding both on an integrated system makes the two transitions in the same pass. ITF Consult builds and integrates the systems.

Internal audit

An internal audit is an organisation's own audit of its management system, at planned intervals, against its own requirements and the standard. Under ISO 19011 the audits sit inside a programme with objectives, risk-based scheduling, competent auditors and records.

A certification body's Stage 1 checks that internal audits are planned and being performed before it moves to Stage 2. ITF Consult builds the programme, and ITF Training runs internal auditor courses.

ISO 9001

ISO 9001 is the international standard for quality management systems. The current edition, ISO 9001:2026, was published on and replaces ISO 9001:2015, with a three-year transition expected to run to September 2029.

In Saudi Arabia certificates come from certification bodies accredited by SAAC or another IAF MLA signatory. ITF Consult builds new systems to the 2026 edition and runs transitions for certified ones.

ISO 13485

ISO 13485 is the quality management system standard for medical devices, current edition 2016. It covers design, production, storage, distribution and servicing of devices, with traceability and complaint handling written in.

SFDA requires device manufacturers, importers and distributors in establishment categories A and B to hold an ISO 13485 certificate from a body it recognises, and its guidance MDS-G024 maps each clause to its own requirements. ITF Health builds the system with the company's own people.

ISO 14001

ISO 14001 is the international standard for environmental management systems. The current edition, ISO 14001:2026, was published on . The system stands on an environmental aspects register and a compliance obligations register.

Inside Jubail or Ras Al Khair the obligations register carries the Royal Commission's RCER as well as the national rules. ITF Consult builds the system and runs transitions to the 2026 edition.

ISO 22000

ISO 22000 is the food safety management system standard, current edition 2018 with its 2024 climate amendment. It puts HACCP principles inside a management system, with prerequisite programmes and control measures classified as CCPs or OPRPs.

It suits a Saudi food business that needs a credible food safety system and has no GFSI requirement in its contracts, and it is the base FSSC 22000 is built on. ITF Consult implements it, and ITF Training runs an ISO 22000 awareness course.

ISO/IEC 27001

ISO/IEC 27001 is the certifiable standard for information security management systems, current edition 2022. It asks for a defined scope, a risk assessment and treatment, a Statement of Applicability and records behind the controls claimed.

In Saudi Arabia it is an efficient base for mapping NCA's Essential Cybersecurity Controls on top. ITF Consult builds the management system, and ITF Cyber writes the security policies its controls call for.

ISO 45001

ISO 45001 is the international standard for occupational health and safety management systems, still in its 2018 edition with a 2024 climate amendment. No new edition has been published, so a 2018 certificate is fully current.

Certification needs a hazard identification method, a legal register, controls chosen by the hierarchy, incident investigation that reaches root cause and evidence that workers were consulted. ITF Consult builds the system, and ITF Training runs ISO 45001 courses.

KPI: key performance indicator

A KPI is a measure of whether a contract or process is working, counted the same way every period from a named data source. In a facility management contract, KPIs sit beside the SLA and are reported monthly.

A KPI with no named data source turns the monthly review into an argument about the numbers. ITF FM publishes how each KPI in its monthly pack is counted.

Legionella

Legionella is a group of bacteria that grows in water systems and can cause Legionnaires' disease when contaminated water droplets are breathed in. Control means keeping it from growing across the whole water system, not only in tanks.

A water system should have a written Legionella risk assessment by a competent assessor. ITF FM cleans and disinfects tanks, keeps the water log and sends samples to an accredited laboratory for testing.

Management review

A management review is the review by top management that every ISO management system requires, at planned intervals. It takes set inputs such as audit results, performance, customer feedback and risks, and produces decisions on improvement, changes and resources.

An auditor reads the minutes for decisions, not for attendance. ITF Consult prepares the inputs, runs or facilitates the meeting and writes minutes that record what was decided.

MEP: mechanical, electrical and plumbing

MEP covers the mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems that make a building usable: air conditioning and ventilation, power distribution and lighting, and water supply and drainage.

ITF FM maintains MEP systems and carries out defined works on them, with a method statement and a permit before work starts and a record after it finishes. High voltage, lifts and suppression are managed specialist work.

Mock survey

A mock survey rehearses a CBAHI visit before it happens: documents reviewed, the building walked and staff interviewed, with each measurable element scored under the programme's rules and findings written the way a surveyor writes them.

It shows a facility what a surveyor would find on that day, while there is still time to fix it. ITF Health runs mock surveys on the non-clinical standards.

MODON: Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones

MODON is the Saudi authority that develops and runs the Kingdom's industrial cities, such as Dammam 2nd Industrial City. Inside a MODON city it is landlord and licensor, and its lease sets the obligations a tenant carries.

Jubail and Ras Al Khair are Royal Commission cities instead, with their own environmental regulations. ITF FM and ITF Consult both cover Dammam 2nd Industrial City.

NCA: National Cybersecurity Authority

The NCA is Saudi Arabia's national reference for cybersecurity, established by Royal Order No. 6801 dated 11/02/1439H. It publishes the Essential Cybersecurity Controls and other control sets, and checks compliance through self-assessment, its compliance tool and field audits.

Its controls bind government bodies and critical national infrastructure and reach private suppliers through contracts. ITF Cyber prepares organisations for ECC and maps the other NCA control sets onto the same register.

NCR: nonconformity report

An NCR records a nonconformity, meaning a requirement that was not met. A sound one states the requirement and the evidence, then carries containment, correction, cause analysis, corrective action and a check that the action worked.

A closure that only retrains the operator usually treats a person rather than a cause. ITF Training runs a half-day NCR and CAPA course covering ISO 9001, 14001, 45001 and 22000.

nphies: the national health insurance exchange

nphies is Saudi Arabia's national exchange for private health insurance transactions, regulated by the Council of Health Insurance. It checks a claim's format and coding and passes it to the insurer. It does not decide payment.

Eligibility checks, prior authorisation, claims and reconciliation all run through it, on the HL7 FHIR standard. ITF Health works a provider's claims on nphies and reports every month.

O&M: operation and maintenance

An O&M contract puts one provider in charge of running a building: the asset register, the planned schedule, breakdown response, cleaning and other soft services, specialist vendors and the monthly record, with one route for escalation.

It is broader than an AMC, which maintains a listed set of assets, and broader than a warranty. ITF FM writes O&M contracts against a surveyed register.

OPRP: operational prerequisite programme

An OPRP is a control measure applied to prevent or reduce a significant food safety hazard, managed with action criteria rather than a critical limit. When an action criterion is not met, the affected product is evaluated.

Under ISO 22000:2018, each control measure chosen for a significant hazard is managed either as a CCP or as an OPRP, and the split should come from the hazard analysis rather than from habit. ITF Consult works the split through with production and quality.

PDPL: Personal Data Protection Law

The PDPL is Saudi Arabia's Personal Data Protection Law, in force since and enforced by SDAIA since its grace period ended on PDPL: grace period ended · . It applies to any organisation processing personal data in the Kingdom.

Health data, fingerprints from an attendance clock and criminal records are all sensitive data under it. ITF Cyber prepares PDPL readiness: records of processing, notices, a rights process and a 72-hour breach procedure.

Permit to work

A permit to work is a written system that authorises named high-risk work, such as hot work, confined space entry, work at height or electrical isolation, and sets the precautions before it starts and the checks before it closes.

On a client's site, contractors work under the client's permit system, and ITF FM does too. ITF Training runs a one-day course on raising, authorising, issuing, closing and cancelling permits.

PPM: planned preventive maintenance

PPM is a dated calendar of maintenance built per asset from a survey: what gets serviced, how often, against which checklist and by whom. It exists so failures are found on a scheduled visit rather than as a breakdown.

The PPM calendar is one of the four annexes to an ITF FM annual maintenance contract, and every task closes with evidence.

PRP: prerequisite programme

A PRP is a basic condition or activity needed to maintain food safety: cleaning, pest control, maintenance, water, waste, supplier approval and staff hygiene. PRPs sit beneath the HACCP plan, which cannot work on a failing one.

FSSC 22000 specifies them through the ISO 22002 part for your food chain category. The 2025 series comes in through the Version 7 upgrade, and the Version 6 category table applies until then. ITF Consult builds PRPs to the part that applies to your site, and ITF FM runs several of them on site, cleaning and pest control among them.

RCER: Royal Commission Environmental Regulations

RCER is the environmental code the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu applies inside its cities, in addition to the national rules. It includes an environmental permit programme, and a 2025 edition, RCER-2025, has been published.

A facility in Jubail or Ras Al Khair needs an Environmental Permit to Construct and an Environmental Permit to Operate. ITF Consult writes RCER obligations into the ISO 14001 register beside the national ones, with the source of each.

RCM: revenue cycle management

Revenue cycle management is the work between a patient visit and the money arriving: checking coverage, coding the visit, submitting a clean claim, working denials, chasing unpaid claims and posting payments.

In Saudi Arabia private insurance claims pass through nphies. ITF Health runs revenue cycle work remotely and reports every month on what is paid, pending and denied.

Recertification audit

A recertification audit is the full audit a certification body runs before a certificate reaches the end of its three-year cycle, to decide whether to renew it. It looks at the system's performance across the whole period.

A transition to a new edition can be carried out at a recertification audit, as it can at a surveillance audit. ITF Consult's surveillance support keeps records current through the cycle so the whole period holds up.

SAAC: Saudi Accreditation Center

SAAC is Saudi Arabia's national accreditation body. It accredits the bodies that certify, against ISO/IEC 17021-1 for management systems, ISO/IEC 17065 for products and ISO/IEC 17024 for persons, and does not certify organisations itself.

It became an IAF MLA signatory for ISO/IEC 17021-1, including ISO 9001, on , which is what lets a SAAC-accredited certificate be recognised abroad. A buyer can verify a certification body on SAAC's own published list.

SABER: SASO's product conformity platform

SABER is SASO's electronic platform for product conformity. A product covered by a Saudi technical regulation needs a product certificate of conformity, then a shipment certificate for each consignment, both issued through SABER.

The certificates are issued by SASO-approved certification bodies. ITF Consult works out which technical regulation applies and prepares the technical file and evidence those bodies review.

SASO: Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization

SASO is the Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization. It issues Saudi standards and technical regulations for products and runs SABER, the platform through which product and shipment conformity certificates are issued.

A Saudi factory answers to SASO through SABER for product conformity, alongside its industrial licence and its environmental permit. ITF Consult prepares the technical file.

SDAIA: Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority

SDAIA is the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, the competent authority for the Personal Data Protection Law. It publishes the law's Implementing Regulation and its regulation on transferring personal data outside the Kingdom, and receives breach notifications.

A breach that could cause harm is notified to SDAIA within 72 hours of becoming aware of it. ITF Cyber prepares PDPL readiness against SDAIA's own published documents.

SFDA: Saudi Food and Drug Authority

SFDA is the Saudi Food and Drug Authority, the regulator for food, drugs and medical devices. It licenses food manufacturers and warehouses through its Ghad system and sets what medical device establishments must hold.

For a food manufacturer the licence needs prior approvals, a HACCP certificate from an accredited certification body and laboratory testing, and runs one to three years. ITF Consult prepares food sites, and ITF Health prepares device companies' ISO 13485 systems.

SLA: service level agreement

An SLA sets how fast each kind of fault is answered and fixed, by priority. In a facility management contract it defines the clocks, when each one starts and stops, and the rules for pausing it.

A response time means something only when the priority bands and clock rules are written down. ITF FM publishes its structure of four priorities and five clocks, and writes the windows per site.

Stage 1 and Stage 2 audits

An initial certification audit runs in two stages. Stage 1 reviews the documentation, the site and readiness, and plans Stage 2. Stage 2 audits whether the system is implemented and effective.

Both stages run on the certification body's own calendar. Stage 1 checks that internal audits and management reviews are planned and being performed. Before the certificate is issued, major nonconformities need correction and corrective action the certification body has verified; for minor ones it reviews and accepts the plan. ITF Consult prepares a site to that point.

Statement of Applicability

The Statement of Applicability is the ISO/IEC 27001 document that lists the necessary controls, justifies why each is included, states whether it is implemented, and justifies excluding any Annex A control.

It has to follow from the risk assessment and treatment, not from a template. ITF Consult writes it as part of ISO 27001 readiness.

Surveillance audit

A surveillance audit is the periodic audit a certification body runs between certification and recertification, normally once a year, to confirm the system is still maintained. A certificate runs three years, with surveillance audits between.

A transition to a new edition is normally added to a planned surveillance or recertification visit. ITF Consult's surveillance support keeps the internal audit, management review and documents current between visits.

Transition audit

A transition audit moves a certificate from the outgoing edition of a standard to the new one. It is normally added to a planned surveillance or recertification visit rather than run separately, and it falls inside the transition window.

For ISO 9001:2026 the window is expected to run to September 2029, and the slot is set by the certificate's expiry date rather than the publication date. ITF Consult runs the delta review and the internal audit before it.

Unannounced audit

An unannounced audit is a certification audit carried out without notice. FSSC 22000 requires one within each certification cycle, and ISO 22000 certification does not.

It tests whether a food safety system runs on a normal day rather than on audit day. ITF Consult runs a readiness check the same way, on a normal day with no preparation.

01

The pairs people mix up

Q01

What is the difference between a CCP and an OPRP?

Both are control measures against a significant food safety hazard. A CCP has a measurable critical limit and monitoring that can trigger action on the product. An OPRP has action criteria and is monitored to show it is working. Which one a control is should come from the hazard analysis.

Q02

What is the difference between accreditation and certification?

A certification body certifies an organisation's management system. An accreditation body, such as SAAC, accredits the certification body. A certificate from an accredited body carries an accreditation mark and is recognised through the IAF MLA chain.

Q03

Is an AMC the same as PPM?

No. PPM is the planned calendar of maintenance per asset. An AMC is the twelve-month contract that carries it, with reactive cover, exclusions and a priority schedule. An O&M contract goes further and runs the whole building.

Q04

What is the difference between an SLA and a KPI?

An SLA sets how fast each kind of fault is answered and fixed. KPIs measure whether the contract as a whole is working. Both need their rules written down, the clock rules for one and a named data source for the other.

A term that is not on this list

Send the term with the sentence it came from, whether that is an audit report, a contract clause or a licence letter. The sentence usually decides which meaning applies.

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